How to Know if You Damaged 4wd

Anyone tin can buy a 4WD and take it off road. Unfortunately, this ways a lot of people are heading off road without the faintest thought of how to use their 4WD, and what to do when things get wrong. I've witnessed this on countless occasions, where vehicles and people have been put at risk due to a lack of knowledge.

Best case scenario; you wait like an idiot. Worst case; you do damage to your 4WD, or kill someone. If you don't believe me, check out the 4WD recovery deaths in Australia.

This mail service is a summary which links to many of the posts I've written over the concluding few years. These go into much further detail on each field of study, and brand up 1 of the about comprehensive 'How to 4WD' guides online. I hope you discover it useful. If you practice, please share it around.

Neat, at present what?

42 tips for 4WDing:

Tyre pressures are disquisitional

The air pressure in your 4WD tyres is not just important, its critical. I'd fifty-fifty go as far as to say it is the nigh important factor you control when heading off road. It's the divergence between sinking to the chassis on a soft beach and idling your style through.

It'due south the difference between getting a puncture and not, or having a back breaking ride compared to a relatively smoothen and comfy ane! Tyre pressures should exist adjusted based on the terrain y'all are driving on. I've written vi reasons tyre pressures are critical when 4WDing, and they are all extremely of import.

The beach driving tyre pressures are vastly dissimilar to loftier speed gravel driving, but in that location are many other factors that determine the right tyre pressure. Things similar tyre size, weight and speed all play a function in your tyre pressures. At that place's no tyre force per unit area guide for a 4WD; it depends on far likewise many factors.

Did you lot know as you drive, the air in your tyres warms upwards, and because of this, the air pressure also goes upwards? You can read more than almost this at Tyre pressures; practise yous check them hot or cold?

If you take just one matter from this mail service, learn to run the right tyre pressures for your vehicle on the terrain you are driving on. It makes a world of difference.

Tyre pressures are critical

Having a bones recovery kit is not optional

Those who take their 4WD off-road without so much as a tyre guess are request for trouble. At that place are a few items that should be in a must take 4WD recovery kit. Proceed it in the 4WD at all times, and you never have to worry about information technology.

Yous don't need all this, but a basic recovery kit is a must

Yous need rated recovery points

I just know of 1 4WD that comes from the manufactory floor with Rated recovery points; the Isuzu MUX. That ways every unmarried other 4WD does non have points that are suitable for winching, towing or snatching off unless they have been replaced with aftermarket ones.

If you haven't got at to the lowest degree one rated recovery bespeak on the front of your 4WD, and one on the rear, you shouldn't exist heading off road.

Wait for the stamped rating

For the rear, you can become a Recovery hitch, but accept the time to consider how strong your tow bar is too! Trying to recover a 4WD without rated recovery points is extremely dangerous and tin can easily result in impairment to your 4WD or injury to people.

A rear recovery hitch

4WD recoveries involve serious gamble

When a 4WD gets bogged, using another vehicle to tow, snatch or winch it out puts an immense amount of force on both the vehicles and the recovery gear. Unfortunately, there take been a number of people killed when 4WD recoveries have non gone to plan. Sometimes this is due to poor quality equipment, simply more often than not it comes down to using the incorrect equipment, with the wrong techniques in identify.

To commencement with, here are xx things yous should never practice in a 4WD recovery.

Before you lot get involved with a 4WD recovery, you need to understand the risks, what could get wrong, and have a plan to remove/reduce the risk. Exist aware of The weakest link in your 4WD recovery, and take the extra time to practice information technology safely.

Make sure yous use equaliser straps and dampeners to reduce the load and risk of something flicking if it breaks.

How would yous safely recover this?

You will get bogged, somewhen

Every unmarried keen 4WDer I know has been bogged at one bespeak or another. In that location'southward nothing wrong with information technology; sometimes a soft embankment will catch you out, and other times a big mud pigsty volition grab your 4WD and cease it in its tracks. What matters is how you get near getting the vehicle moving once more. Take your time, practise it safely and wait out for each other.

I wrote a post a while back where I become through 4 of the times I've been badly bogged in a 4WD. In each situation, we got out without anyone getting injure, and without whatsoever damage to our 4WD'south.

I volition admit to doing things incorrectly when I first started 4WDing, and am glad nothing went incorrect. What should you do when you get bogged?

One of my less favourite 4WD moments

If you get bogged, you provide the recovery gear

It'due south really rude if you lot get stuck and ask to use someone else's recovery gear. Y'all drove into the sloppy mud hole; your new snatch strap is the one that should get filthy in the recovery. If yous exercise utilise someone else'southward gear, brand sure you return it in equally supplied condition, or at least offering to wash it or pay for their time (beer unremarkably works!).

You get bogged, you provide the recovery gear

Depression range, high range and locking hubs

I've seen people go bogged considering they don't know how to lock their hubs. Every vehicle is different, and you need to know how to make all iv wheels drive earlier y'all head off the bitumen. Sometimes this involves manually locking the forepart hubs, but most vehicles these days are motorcar locking.

Your owners transmission is the place to start when y'all become a new (or new to you) 4WD.

There'southward 15 things y'all may non know about your 4WD which are well and truly worth a read.

Transmission locking hubs

From there, you should have a basic agreement of the gearing in your transfer case. Loftier range is the choice for majority of your 4WDing done at a reasonable speed. Low range should be used for slow speed 4WDing, where you demand maximum traction.

You have substantially more torque in low range, and that makes it perfect for loma climbs, mud runs, soft beaches, steep descents and recovering a bogged 4WD. Information technology is also much kinder to your automatic transmission temperatures, which you should be mindful of.

This can exist vehicle specific though; my old Hilux could barely take off on a embankment in high range!

Don't appoint 4WD on a bitumen road, or you are asking for something to break (unless your vehicle has a eye differential).

Empathise how to appoint 4WD

You aren't welcome everywhere

Simply because your 4WD increases your accessibility doesn't mean you are allowed to be there. National parks, private property, h2o catchment areas and fifty-fifty beaches have restrictions as to where you tin can drive.

Unfortunately, time and time once again people practice the wrong thing with their 4WD's and and so the area gets airtight off. Do the right thing, and leave a good reputation.

Stay out if the gates are locked

If you lot come beyond a locked gate (so long as information technology isn't a gazetted road), that ways yous aren't welcome. It doesn't hateful you get to bulldoze around it, or tear it open up. Respect the rules, wait subsequently the bush-league and keep the 4WD tracks open. Ignorance is not an excuse; do your enquiry prior to heading out.

Walk the line before yous bulldoze it

If y'all get to a section of a 4WD track that yous are a bit unsure nigh, stop your 4WD, become out and have a await. Recall about what might cause a problem, and what is likely to harm to the vehicle. You should know what line you lot are going to take before you hitting a technical department! Winging it easily results in things going wrong!

Look for side angles, think about where your wheels are going to be, and what is likely to get y'all hung upwards.

Get out and have a await offset

Information technology's OK to use the chicken track

I know how it is when you are out with mates; its a competition to run into who can get through something. All the same, don't be afraid to take the craven track. I can tell you from personal experience nothing puts more of a damper on your twenty-four hour period out in the 4WD than a drowned 4WD, or a big dent in one of your panels! Know where your limits are, and stick to them.

There's aught wrong with a craven track

You can learn a lot from other people

The all-time way to learn 4WDing is to head out with a good mate who knows what they are doing. They can answer all your questions, and requite y'all the confidence to safely drive your 4WD. If something goes wrong, yous have someone to rely on.

The more y'all talk to people, the more y'all will pick upwards about 4WDing. At that place are enough of forums online that provide a myriad of data. If you demand model specific data, you tin can easily find it online. The more than time you spend out on the tracks the more 4WDing skills and techniques you volition pick up. Get out there, and talk to people!

The more than you head out the more than y'all learn!

Stop spinning your tyres

One of the most mutual mistakes people make when their vehicle begins to sink or stops moving is to put their foot flat on the accelerator, spinning the wheels as the RPM flies through the roof. This results in a 4WD that has at present sunken twice as much equally information technology would have if y'all'd just backed off the throttle and stopped!

If yous aren't moving forward (or backwards!), spinning your wheels is a bad idea. It's not good for the tracks, your 4WD, and those involved in the recovery. A 5 minute recovery will plow into an hour long ordeal through a few seconds of carelessness on the throttle!

I'm not suggesting you lot never spin your wheels; its inevitable, and a bit of a stab now and so tin get you through some situations. Mud peculiarly is a terrain where you do demand to spin your tyres a bit to clear the tyres, but if you lot aren't moving frontwards y'all are making life harder, and risking something breaking.

If you want to get really bogged, spin your tyres!

Snatch straps are not suitable for every unmarried 4WD recovery

Snatch straps are a fantastic scrap of recovery gear, when used correctly and for the right application. These days though, when someone gets bogged, the first matter that comes out is a snatch strap, and its not good practice.

There are a heap of other options that should exist considered before the utilize of snatch straps, and they should never exist used in situations where high levels of strength are required. When should you lot use a snatch strap?

The shovel is your friend

Yep, I get information technology; using a shovel might be hard piece of work and accept some time, but it is one of the best and safest means to get a bogged 4WD moving again. A few minutes on the end of a shovel will brand a 4WD recovery much safer.

At the very least, go your mates to dig; you lot take to drive the 4WD after all!

Get the shovel out!

Know where you are going

Commonwealth of australia is a big identify. A really, actually big place. If you caput out without the right maps or GPS and lose your mode, you lot can be put at serious gamble trying to discover culture again.

Newspaper maps are essential, and you demand to know how to use them. Above and beyond that, an off-road GPS is cheap as fries these days, and will brand your life much easier and safer.

Do y'all know where you lot are going?

What are your communication options?

If you are heading into an surface area where y'all are unlikely to have mobile phone reception, how would you lot communicate with someone if you needed to? UHF radio'south are cheap, and extremely useful. They are also plant in almost every well used 4WD. From there though, you have a heap of other options; satellite phones, SPOT GPS, HF radio's and your basic Epirb.

Your advice options should be reflected in how remote the trip is, who yous are travelling with, your experience and the probability of something going wrong. Stay safety!

How would you call for aid?

Avoid going lonely

It's always amend to travel with at least ane other vehicle. I can tell you lot from personal feel that you lot will always feel more comfortable travelling with some other car. Obviously, this is not always possible, and if you have a reliable 4WD coupled with the right gear and understanding y'all are on the right track.

A second vehicle is always a good idea

Acquit a start aid kit

You lot can selection up a really proficient showtime aid kit for under $100. Because it could salve your life (or someone else's!) one 24-hour interval, they are a inexpensive investment. We also acquit a St Johns first aid book; despite having first aid preparation I wouldn't remember the correct way to treat every single injury.

Keep your thumbs exterior of the steering bicycle

When yous are driving along a 4WD track the wheels of your 4WD become knocked ane fashion and the other, which in turn moves the steering bicycle. Make sure you lot don't keep your thumbs wrapped around the steering bike on the within. If the wheels bite, it will flick your steering wheel around and likely intermission ane of your thumbs. Non something you want to happen; proceed your thumbs outside of the steering wheel!

Wearable decent footwear in slippery terrain

The practiced one-time pluggers (thongs/flip flops) are an extremely popular bit of footwear for 4WDing in Commonwealth of australia. It'southward well-nigh an Aussie standard. The thing is though, if you skid on a steep hill in your thongs, you lot've got a pretty practiced hazard of hurting yourself. Article of clothing some decent shoes or boots, then you lot have more grip, and if you lot do slip over you reduce the chance of a rolled or broken talocrural joint!

Article of clothing some decent shoes!

The reverse hill start (for manual vehicles)

With the number of automated 4WD'southward on the market place this is becoming less and less used, merely for manual 4WD'due south, you should know how to practise the opposite hill start. Lets say you are making your way up a dirty, glace and steep colina and you manage to stall your vehicle.

You instinctively jump on the brakes, and hope that the vehicle doesn't slide backwards. What you should do adjacent is popular the machine into reverse gear, and let the clutch out. This means the gearbox on your 4WD is stopping all 4 wheels from turning.

From at that place, to reverse in a controlled manner downhill, all you need to do is turn the machine on with the clutch out and the vehicle in opposite (low range). It will offset, and opposite down the hill with zero wheel slip and you can command it perfectly. The danger of not doing this is that in betwixt letting the clutch out and taking your pes off the restriction your 4WD can begin to slip. Once it starts to slip, y'all are in serious danger.

Know how to safely contrary downwards a hill

You don't need every accessory on the market

With the huge number of 4WD accessories on the market today, its seems like people modify their 4WD without whatsoever existent purpose! The irony of it is often those who accept less modifications accept seen more of Australia than those with high accessorised 4WDs.

The truth is, reliability is far more important than suspension lifts, bigger tyres and Lockers. Of course, that'due south not to say they don't accept their place, only don't let information technology put you off enjoying yourself in a stock, or mildly modified 4WD. Exercise you lot really demand all those 4WD accessories?

You don't need every accessory on the market to have a good time

You are responsible for looking after the bush-league

We've got a beautiful country in Australia. At that place are so many pristine places you lot can take your 4WD to, and its a privilege that some people don't deserve. It'due south all common sense and full general respect; what you have in, you should take out. Don't go out your rubbish behind, rip up campsite sites, destroy public holding or leave your toilet newspaper blowing in the current of air. Don't wreck Australia. Expect afterward our bush-league; abuse information technology and lose it.

Take your rubbish habitation!

4WD'south are non boats

Maybe the worst conclusion you could brand in a 4WD is to drive through water that you tin't see the bottom of, or that is deeper than your 4WD is designed to drive through. If y'all apply your 4WD as a boat, you will be up for extremely expensive repairs when things go wrong.

4WD's without snorkels should not be driving through more well-nigh 500mm of h2o (and less for some modernistic vehicles). If you suck h2o into the engine (which is extremely piece of cake to practise), yous will destroy your engine. If you go bogged in a decent puddle, its pretty easy to write your vehicle off purely from water harm to the computers and interior.

You should ever walk the puddle or crossing, or at least use a stick to feel the bottom and check the depth. In the northern parts of Australia where common salt water crocodiles live in the h2o, you shouldn't walk the crossing.

Instead, only cross if you know how deep the water is, the current is non excessive, you are confident and you've come upward with a way to recover your vehicle should something go wrong. Take the required precautions! Here's xv ways to avoid drowning your 4WD!

A really deep water crossing

Power is not everything

Ever since the invention of cars, in that location's been an obsession with power. As engineering science continues to progress, 4WD'south are becoming more than and more than powerful.

The thing is though, power is not everything. Sure, its of import, but not having a V8 twin turbo diesel is not going to make your vehicle unsuitable for 4WDing. Traction, clearance, wheel placement and common sense go a lot further than power will ever go you!

Coming from a 2.iv litre carby Hilux I tin can tell you lot that even without bucket loads of power you tin can withal bulldoze a very capable 4WD. Power is helpful, only its not a requirement for getting out there and enjoying our 4WD tracks.

We still had heaps of fun in our gutless Hilux

Check the atmospheric condition forecast

Nosotros never head out without knowing roughly what the weather is doing. This is most of import for rainfall as a bit of rain can turn a simple runway into a day long slog through glace mud. Withal, knowing the temperature forecast allows for you to take the right camping gear and clothes as well. It takes 2 minutes before you head off, and ensures you lot take the correct gear with you lot.

The weather can change tracks overnight

Tell someone nearly your plans

Try to permit a neighbour or good mate know where y'all are going, and when you look to return. Should something happen when you are out in the bush, you desire someone to know as before long as possible that you are overdue, and get people looking for you!

If you overload and corruption your 4WD, it will break

4WD's cannot be loaded upward with everything under the lord's day and and so bounced along 4WD tracks all day long without something breaking. If you haven't taken the time to piece of work out How much your 4WD weighs, its something you lot should do. Consider where the weight is sitting also; lots of weight on the roof, or backside the rear wheels is asking for problem.

What is your payload and GVM? What about your GCM and maximum towball weight? Land Rover seem to be the only 4WD manufacturer that drops the maximum towing and payload of their 4WD's when used off road. Why would they practise that? Because its the logical thing to do! 4WD tracks apply more stress to your 4WD, and the heavier they are the more probable something is to neglect.

If you are towing, and want an piece of cake to understand post for staying legal, check this out – Towing capacity; a simple guide to keep you legal.

Consider the weight of your 4WD

Obviously, there is only and then much you tin do with the weight. However, if your vehicle is heavy, you can arrange the style you drive; take it slower, await after your 4WD and it will handle the drive much amend. The last thing you want is to interruption downwardly in the centre of know where. Chassis damage is not something you want to know nigh!

From an abuse perspective, if you think you tin bounce your 4WD upwards rocky hills all day long without something going wrong, you are in for a shock. Even the toughest 4WD's take their limitations, and if y'all don't bulldoze with a bit of mechanical sympathy yous will notice them very rapidly!

Drive with mechanical sympathy

A adept commuter makes all the difference

4WDing is a skill. I've seen people drive adequately standard Pajero'southward through places I'd take to think twice about driving in my well modified lxxx serial. The line that you lot selection makes all the departure when it comes to serious, off-road driving.

There's goose egg ameliorate than seeing someone in a mildly modified 4WD out drive a heap of decked out 4WD'southward, purely because of driver skill. Everyone starts somewhere, and you volition pick up the skills equally you head out more.

It's all about bicycle placement

All the power in the world makes zero difference if your wheels can't become any traction. When yous are 4WDing, yous should always be thinking almost where your wheels are in relation to the high and low parts of the rails.

Consider where information technology is slippery, what sort of angle the line you are taking is going to put on your vehicle, and how your suspension is going to flex. You should know where the low points are on your 4WD (like the differential pumpkins) and drive accordingly.

Pick your lines carefully

Take your tow hitch out

A lot of people head off road without removing their tow hitch. On the embankment its less important, but for rocky and muddy tracks, a tow hitch volition often become knocked as it reduces your departure angle. In some cases, you lot tin can end upward with a huge corporeality of the 4WD's weight sitting on the tow hitch, which makes information technology easy to go bogged.

A rear recovery hitch is the all-time matter to accept in your hitch receiver, every bit they barely stick out at all and are there for when you lot need them.

Remove your tow ball hitch when 4WDing. A hitch receiver like this is perfect

Excess momentum often results in something breaking

Almost every time we caput out 4WDing, you see someone trying to use momentum to get through an obstruction. Whether its flying full pelt into a huge mud run, or bouncing their manner upwardly a dirty hill, momentum has to be used very carefully. It has its place, but its when you are flogging your 4WD that things most often go incorrect.

We saw a make new Jeep do an insane corporeality of damage upwards one of the hills in Mundaring, purely considering it was the 'lock, stomp and steer' attitude. Yous need to find the right amount of momentum for each situation. Too much though, and you've got a recipe for disaster.

Momentum is an like shooting fish in a barrel way to break something

If your 4WD is not road legal, your insurance company tin can leave you high and dry

4WD insurance is a complicated brute. However, I tin can make it really simple. If your vehicle does not comply with the local road regulations, your insurance company tin decline whatsoever merits you brand. In WA, y'all tin't heighten the roof of your vehicle more than 50mm in tyres, body lift or suspension elevator without getting it engineered.

That doesn't finish a huge number of 4WD'south that are over the 50mm from driving on the road, simply it does hateful their insurance companies can weasel out of any claims.

This is a grey area; some people believe that the modification must contribute to the accident for the insurance company to deny a claim. In many cases, illegal 4WD'southward are covered, purely because the insurance assessor has no thought. However, practise you really want to exist in that position and have to adventure your pride and joy? You can find out more almost this at Is your 4WD Legal?

Beyond that, in that location's lots of random ways that your vehicle can be classed as illegal, or unroadworthy. You can read them hither; 32 ways to make your 4WD illegal.

What are the chances of insurance covering this?

4WD insurance will non always cover you everywhere in Australia

Hypothetically, lets say you got bogged in your 4WD at the local beach, and the tide came upwards, filled it with salt water and silt. Would your 4WD insurance visitor cover you?

Are you certain? Some insurance companies in Australia will not cover y'all for beach driving, and have a range of other piddling clauses to take hold of you out.

What about the local 4WD tracks? Are y'all allowed there? Whilst reading the fine print is a right hurting in the behind, asking questions and getting written documentation from your insurance provider is a good place to start.

Bigger tyres and lift kits are not always improve

In that location'due south a common misconception that the bigger your suspension elevator and tyres, the more capable your 4WD is. The reality is nada could be farther from the truth. Plumbing equipment bigger tyres and suspension may give you more clearance, but it has a heap of downsides that everyone seems to forget. Fitting Bigger Tyres to your 4WD comes at a fairly serious price.

There are plenty of Downsides of 4WD accessories and modifications. I believe in modifying with intent. If yous understand and need the pause lift and tyres, go for information technology (within the legal boundaries), but actually consider as to what y'all are achieving (and losing out on!).

Bigger is not always amend!

Utilize a spotter where possible

There are enough of times when you aren't able to see enough of the 4WD track to steer in the right management. The nearly common place for this to happen is on steep loma climbs; as the driver, y'all are left seeing the bonnet of your 4WD and that'due south about it.

Get a mate who knows what they are doing to stand outside the vehicle, and direct you. They can make sure you aren't going to drive into a huge hole, or smash your sills on a big rock!

Practise y'all trust your spotter?

Modify your 4WD to suit you

People are very quick to judge the 4WD you lot drive around in. The thing is though, it is your 4WD, and it should be built to accommodate you. Ignore the haters, and modify your 4WD to suit your requirements.

The best advice I can give is to really consider what you want the 4WD for, and where you want it to be in the future. Far too many people purchase a 4WD, spend a fortune modifying information technology so come to the conclusion that it doesn't actually practice what they desire it to.

You are in a difficult situation then, with express options. Yous tin sell it and upgrade (and lose a lot of money in the process), continue modifying it in the direction y'all want to go, or only put upwards with the vehicle. None of the options are very bonny, then you want to become information technology right at the start! So, how practice you Build and Buy the perfect 4WD?

Our Hilux was fun, but we didn't think long term enough

Use the engine when going downhill

Your engine should be used to do as much braking equally possible. This is especially of import on slippery descents. If you employ the brakes, they tin can easily overheat and fade away. Worse still, you can stop upwards slipping downwardly the hill with all 4 wheels locked up.

Apply your engine to control your speed; 1st gear in low range will accept your vehicle idling down slippery hills with minimal wheel spin, and a much greater control. Fifty-fifty though its non intuitive, avert using the brakes unless you absolutely must use them, as they quickly lock the wheels up.

If your wheels begin to slip, you are really amend off giving the throttle a bit of a push button to become the wheels turning at the same speed every bit you are moving. Your engine will control your 4WD downwards a steep hill much better than you can by feathering the brakes!

Ho-hum and steady downhill; use the engine and gearing

Don't be a tool

We don't need tools when it comes to 4WDing. I'm talking about those who speed by families on the beach, or drive around with people on the roof racks and in the back of Utes. Those who throw their bottles and cans out the window, beverage drive on 4WD tracks and don't clean up after themselves. Those who disrupt family camp grounds, or intentionally impairment the environment and 4WD tracks.

4WDing in Commonwealth of australia is a privilege, and you wreck it for everyone. Show a flake of respect to your beau 4WDer'due south, and this great country.

Don't be a muppet

Look after your 4WD and it will return the favour

If you treat your 4WD with care, it will look subsequently you lot for many years. Neglect it though, and it will be the biggest money pit yous've ever owned. I'm talking nigh regular (and quality) mechanical servicing, quality modifications, driving the vehicle carefully and not bouncing your way up rocky hill climbs.

Launder the table salt off your vehicle later on you've been to the beach, audit it regularly on trips away for things that are incorrect and information technology will reward yous with years of reliability.

Look later on your 4WD and information technology volition expect after yous

Things like Driving your 4WD through common salt water are avoidable, and do serious, long term damage to a 4WD. I'll never understand information technology. Mud is some other thing that causes huge damage to your 4WD, and despite the repercussions its hard to avert it! Accept a read of Mud; your 4WD's worst enemy.

Lots of fun, only extremely costly too!

Commuter preparation never goes astray

Cypher beats proper 4WD preparation, from a certified 4WD trainer. Easily on feel volition ensure you learn the right way to utilize your 4WD, the first time. Don't get into bad habits! At that place are a heap of 4WD clubs and businesses that offering a variety of 4WD training. I'grand non suggesting its a requirement, but if you oasis't got someone to bear witness you the ropes (the right way) its a swell alternative.

4WD'south are not inexpensive

I'm not going to sugar coat it. Owning a 4WD is non cheap, in any manner you want to await at it. You've got fuel, repairs, rego, insurance, modifications and the listing goes on. They will cost you quite a bit of coin; simply Look at how much I've spent on our fourscore series!

All the same, the benefits of owning a 4WD outweigh the costs by far. Have a read of Why I own a 4WD.

It's all worth it in the end

Overall

In that location are a heap of things you demand to know almost 4WDing. Hopefully I have covered a large majority of them. However, know that there is real danger when people head off route without the skills, gear or agreement of how to safely use their 4WD.

What take a missed on this list? Stay condom and enjoy the 4WDing in Australia!

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Source: https://www.4wdingaustralia.com/4x4/42-things-you-must-know-about-4wding/

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